Conservation law of plants' energy value dependence of plants' need in nutrients on biochemical composition

The plants differences in biochemical composition are analyzed, and the conservation law of energy value in plants is obtained. The link between the need for the nutrients and the plants biochemical composition is examined, Liebig's law is specified.Keywords: plant's biochemical composition, biochemistry, energy value in plants, plants' nutritio

Gaseous Radiochemical Method for Registration of Ionizing Radiation and Its Possible Applications in Science and Industry

This work presents a new possibility of registration of ionizing radiation by the flowing gaseous radiochemical method (FGRM). The specified method uses the property of some solid crystalline lattice materials for a free emission of radioactive isotopes of inert gas atoms formed as a result of nuclear reactions. Generated in an ampoule of the detector, the radioactive inert gases are transported by a gas-carrier into the proportional gas counter of the flowing type, where the decay rate of the radioactive gas species is measured. This quantity is unequivocally related to the flux of particles (neutrons, protons, light and heavy ions) at the location of the ampoule. The method was used to monitor the neutron flux of the pulsed neutron target "RADEX" driven by the linear proton accelerator of INR RAS. Further progress of the FGRM may give rise to possible applications in nuclear physics, astrophysics and medicine, in the nondestructive control of fissionable materials, diagnostics of thermonuclear plasma, monitoring of fluxes and measurement of spectra of bombarding particles.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

Developing the communicative-pragmatic competence in the training of the Russian linguistics bachelor students

The development of the oral and written skills in the practice of teaching foreign languages in the Russian linguistic higher institution pays the major attention to the construction of monologic and dialogical statements without focusing on the pragmatic factors of communication. When mastering language expressions, students do not always correlate them with the specific communicative tasks in a certain situation of foreign language communication, which is due to the ignorance of the pragmatic component. Meanwhile, the correct correlation and use of linguistic units in the process of foreign language communication (adequate to a given situation and intentions) is extremely important at the first or second (freshman and sophomore) years of higher education, when students primarily master the skills of the correct expression means. However, in teaching foreign languages (e.g., German and English), there is a disregard for such pragmatic factors as: setting and defining intentions, social roles and focusing on the interpersonal relations of communicants, targeted communication; isolation of the communicative competence from the pragmatic issues; insufficient study of the discourse content and structure as the means of teaching foreign languages in conjunction with pragmatic characteristics. The authors propose their own methodology for the development of the communicative-pragmatic competence under the conditions of training the prospective bachelors of linguistics. Research methods include systematic approach, provisions of the interdisciplinary approach, competence-based approach, comparative method, modeling method. The communicative-pragmatic model of teaching foreign languages presented in this article has confirmed its effectiveness for the development of oral and written speech practice among bachelor students of the linguistic university. The introduction of the developed methodology will increase the level of the language proficiency and the degree of formation of the students` communicative-pragmatic competence by motivating and expanding their speech capabilities

The hypothesis of formation of the structure of surfaced metal at the surfacing based on the application of the prognostic algorithm of control the electrode wire speed

The growth of a drop in the process of surfacing by a consumable electrode is characterized by a linear dependence of the current change on time. A hypothesis has been put forward, according to which a reduction in the feed rate of the electrode wire to zero in this time interval will substantially reduce the spraying loss and improve the formation of the surfacing roller. For the implementation of which, the use of regulators with a typical law of regulation is proposed, but not according to the current value of the arc current, but according to the forecast. A key feature of these researches is a realization given surfacing process with the imposition of external mechanical oscillations with specified amplitude-frequency characteristics on the welding bath. Analytical calculation of the transfer function for the prognostic PID regulator with the simplest linear prediction taking into account the oscillation of the weld pool is given

Numerical study of jets produced by conical wire arrays on the Magpie pulsed power generator

The aim of this work is to model the jets produced by conical wire arrays on the MAGPIE generator, and to design and test new setups to strengthen the link between laboratory and astrophysical jets. We performed the modelling with direct three-dimensional magneto-hydro-dynamic numerical simulations using the code GORGON. We applied our code to the typical MAGPIE setup and we successfully reproduced the experiments. We found that a minimum resolution of approximately 100 is required to retrieve the unstable character of the jet. We investigated the effect of changing the number of wires and found that arrays with less wires produce more unstable jets, and that this effect has magnetic origin. Finally, we studied the behaviour of the conical array together with a conical shield on top of it to reduce the presence of unwanted low density plasma flows. The resulting jet is shorter and less dense.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science. HEDLA 2010 conference procedings. Final pubblication will be available on Springe

Comparing Poynting flux dominated magnetic tower jets with kinetic-energy dominated jets

Magnetic Towers represent one of two fundamental forms of MHD outflows. Driven by magnetic pressure gradients, these flows have been less well studied than magneto-centrifugally launched jets even though magnetic towers may well be as common. Here we present new results exploring the behavior and evolution of magnetic tower outflows and demonstrate their connection with pulsed power experimental studies and purely hydrodynamic jets which might represent the asymptotic propagation regimes of magneto-centrifugally launched jets. High-resolution AMR MHD simulations (using the AstroBEAR code) provide insights into the underlying physics of magnetic towers and help us constrain models of their propagation. Our simulations have been designed to explore the effects of thermal energy losses and rotation on both tower flows and their hydro counterparts. We find these parameters have significant effects on the stability of magnetic towers, but mild effects on the stability of hydro jets. Current-driven perturbations in the Poynting Flux Dominated (PDF) towers are shown to be amplified in both the cooling and rotating cases. Our studies of the long term evolution of the towers show that the formation of weakly magnetized central jets within the tower are broken up by these instabilities becoming a series of collimated clumps which magnetization properties vary over time. In addition to discussing these results in light of laboratory experiments, we address their relevance to astrophysical observations of young star jets and outflow from highly evolved solar type stars.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the High Energy Density Physics Journal corresponding to the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics, May 4, 2012, Tallahassee Florid

3D MHD Simulations of Laboratory Plasma Jets

Jets and outflows are thought to be an integral part of accretion phenomena and are associated with a large variety of objects. In these systems, the interaction of magnetic fields with an accretion disk and/or a magnetized central object is thought to be responsible for the acceleration and collimation of plasma into jets and wider angle flows. In this paper we present three-dimensional MHD simulations of magnetically driven, radiatively cooled laboratory jets that are produced on the MAGPIE experimental facility. The general outflow structure comprises an expanding magnetic cavity which is collimated by the pressure of an extended plasma background medium, and a magnetically confined jet which develops within the magnetic cavity. Although this structure is intrinsically transient and instabilities in the jet and disruption of the magnetic cavity ultimately lead to its break-up, a well collimated, knotty jet still emerges from the system; such clumpy morphology is reminiscent of that observed in many astrophysical jets. The possible introduction in the experiments of angular momentum and axial magnetic field will also be discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Astrophysics and Space Science for Special Issue High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics Conferenc

КЛЕТОЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИШЕМИИ НИЖНИХ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ (ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ)

Critical limb ischemia is a syndrome that combines several peripheral artery diseases with different ethiology and pathogenesis but with similar prognosis, high morbidity and mortality. Possibility of surgical and conservative treatment of critical limb ischemia almost completely exhausted. Some hopes have arisen due to progress in cell technology. The article provides a critical analysis of pathogenic prerequisites of stem/progenitor cells for the treatment of patients with a critical limb ischemia in detail the basic results of preclinical and clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of cell technology. Unsolved problems and prospects of practical application are also discussed.Критическая ишемия нижних конечностей — синдром ряда различных по этиологии и патогенезу заболеваний периферических артерий. Критическая ишемия нижних конечностей характеризуется неблагоприятным прогнозом, высоким уровнем инвалидизации и смертности. Возможности хирургической и консервативной терапии критической ишемии нижних конечностей практически полностью исчерпаны. Определенные надежды возникли в связи с достижениями в области клеточных технологий. В статье представлен критический анализ патогенетических предпосылок применения стволовых/прогениторных клеток для лечения пациентов с критической ишемией нижних конечностей, подробно рассмотрены основные результаты доклинических и клинических исследований безопасности и эффективности клеточных технологий, перспективы их практического внедрения в клиническую практику, а также сформулированы нерешенные вопросы.

СЫВОРОТОЧНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ РАСТВОРИМЫХ МОЛЕКУЛ CD25 И CD95 У ОЖОГОВЫХ БОЛЬНЫХ

Background: Burn injury is accompanied by modulation of the many components of immunity, including the system regulation, which includes soluble forms of leukocyte differentiation molecules. Earlier in burn patients, we detected changes in serum levels of soluble differentiation molecules CD25 (sCD25) and CD95 (sCD25). Despite the existence of data on change of serum level of the soluble molecules CD25 and CD95 in the blood of patients with a burn trauma, there are no data on particular cell producers.Aims: To conduct the analysis of serum level of the molecules sCD25 and sCD95 in the blood of patients with acute burn trauma in comparison with peripheral blood cells composition to obtain data on the types of cells that produce the molecules sCD25 and sCD95.Materials and methods: Blood samples from 24 heavily burnt patients aged 16 to 77 years were studied. Determination of sCD25 and sCD95 molecules serum levels was performed by ELISA. Number of CD45+CD25+ lymphocytes, CD45+CD95+ cells, CD14+CD95+ monocytes, CD16b+CD95+ neutrophils, and RFMI (relative mean fluorescence intensity) was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results: In the first five days of the date of burn sCD25 and sCD95 serum levels tended to increase. sCD25 molecules contents in the blood of surviving and dead patients did not depend on the relative content of CD45+CD25+ lymphocytes, RFMI index, but correlated with the absolute level of lymphocytes and leukocytes. Serum levels of sCD95 molecules showed the dependence on the absolute neutrophil count and leukocytes in the survivors and on the absolute content of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and leukocytes in patients who died.Conclusions: The findings suggest that the lymphocytes in the early period of burn disease are the main cells-producers of sCD25 and affect the increase of its content in the blood serum not due to changes in the density of CD25 molecules expression on their membrane followed by increased shedding but by increasing the number of CD25 positive cells. The main cells-producers of sCD95 molecules for survivors in the early period of burn disease are likely to be the neutrophils and lymphocytes; in the dead patients, the main producers are neutrophils.Обоснование. Ожоговая травма сопровождается модуляцией многих звеньев иммунитета, в том числе системой регуляции, в состав которой входят растворимые формы лейкоцитарных дифференцировочных молекул. Ранее у ожоговых больных были обнаружены изменения в сывороточном содержании растворимых дифференцировочных молекул CD25 (sCD25) и CD95 (sCD25). Несмотря на наличие данных об изменении сывороточного содержания растворимых молекул CD25 и CD95 в крови пациентов с ожоговой травмой, отсутствуют данные о том, какими клетками они продуцируются.Цель исследования — провести анализ сывороточного уровня молекул sCD25 и sCD95 в крови пациентов в остром периоде ожоговой травмы в сопоставлении с популяционным составом клеток периферической крови с целью получения данных о типах клеток, продуцирующих молекулы sCD25 и sCD95.Методы. Исследованы образцы крови 24 тяжело обожженных пациентов в возрасте от 16 до 77 лет. Определение сывороточного содержания молекул sCD25 и sCD95 проводили иммуноферментным методом. Количество CD45+CD25+ лимфоцитов, CD45+CD95+ клеток, CD14+CD95+ моноцитов, CD16b+CD95+ нейтрофилов и RFMI (relative mean fluorescence intensity) оценивали с помощью проточной цитофлуорометрии.Результаты. В первые пять суток от момента ожога сывороточное содержание sCD25 и sCD95 имело тенденцию к повышению. Содержание молекул sCD25 как у выживших, так и погибших больных не зависело от относительного содержания CD45+CD25+ лимфоцитов, индекса RFMI, но коррелировало с абсолютным содержанием лимфоцитов и лейкоцитов. Сывороточный уровень молекул sCD95 обнаруживал зависимость от абсолютного содержания нейтрофилов и лейкоцитов у выживших больных и абсолютного содержания лимфоцитов, нейтрофилов и лейкоцитов — у погибших.Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют заключить, что лимфоциты в раннем периоде ожоговой болезни являются основными клетками-продуцентами sCD25 и влияют на повышение их содержания в сыворотке крови не за счет изменения плотности экспрессии на их мембране молекул CD25 с последующим усилением шеддинга, а путем увеличения количества СD25-положительных клеток. Основными клетками-продуцентами молекул sCD95 у выживших больных в раннем периоде ожоговой болезни, вероятно, являются нейтрофилы и лимфоциты, у погибших — нейтрофилы.

Design of inorganic polymer composites for electromagnetic radiation absorption using potassium titanates

This paper investigated the synthesis of inorganic polymer composites for electromagnetic radiation absorption using potassium titanates. The selected polyamide 6 and potassium polytitanate materials contain TiО2, K2СО3, and KCl obtained by charge sintering. Results showed that modification of polyamide 6 with sintering products in the form of a fine powder of potassium polytitanate that contains different phases K2O × 2TiO2, K2O × 4TiO2, and K2O × 6TiO2 which increased their strength properties. With increased potassium titanates (PTT) synthesis, a gradual transition from di to potassium hexatitanates occurs K2O × 2TiO2 – K2O × 4TiO2 – K2O × 6TiO2. The optimal content of potassium polytitanate was over 20 % by mass. To fully ensure the reinforcing effect due to the filling of potassium polytitanate polyamide 6, it is necessary to use whiskers K2O × 6TiO2, which can be collected by the additional crystallization of the amorphous charge sintering product. By designing experimentalstatistical mathematical models in equal regressions, mathematical optimization of inorganic polymer composites for electromagnetic radiation absorption using PTT was carried out